A.1. Microworld: Runoff 1 (R1)
1. Perspective: Researcher
2. Dimensionality: 2-D, Processes
3. Calculation Method:
a. Based on Natural Resource Conservation Service
- Curve Number Methods from USDA-SCS (1986).
b. Additional information from Haith et al.
(1992) and Haan et al. (1994).
1.) Equations from Haan
et
al. (1994).
2.) Values from Haith et
al. (1992).
4. Display Method
a. Calculator using JavaScript software from Vander
Veer (1997) and Wooldridge and Morgan (1997).
b. Use:
1.) Type in rainfall amount.
2.) Click soil infiltration
rate and soil moisture.
3.) Click calculate and
runoff displayed.
4.) Redo 1.) - 3.) for addition
runoff values.
5.) Click clear to reset.
5. References
Haan, C.T., Barfield, B.J., and J.C. Hayes. 1994. Design hydrology and sedimentology for small catchments. New York: Academic Press.
Haith, D.A., R. Mandel, and R.S. Wu. 1992. GWLF: Generalized Watershed Loading Functions, Version 2.0, User’s Manual. Ithaca, New York: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Cornell University.
U.S. Department of Agriculture - Soil Conservation Service (USDA-SCS). 1986. Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds. Technical Release No. 55. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Vander Veer, E.A. 1997. JavaScript for Dummies. 2nd Edition. Chicago, Illinois: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
Wooldridge, A. and M. Morgan. 1997. Special Edition: Using JavaScript, Second Edition. Indianapolis, Indiana: Que Corporation.
Figure A.1. Runoff JavaScript Calculator
A.2. Microworld: Groundwater 1 (G1)
1. Perspective: Researcher
2. Dimensionality: 2-D, Processes
3. Calculation Method:
a. Based on water flow equations for GWLF given in
Haith et al (1992).
b. Additional information from Haan et al (1994),
Penn State Meteorology Department (1998).
1.) Recession constants
are roughly based on hydraulic conductivity values given in Haan et
al. (1994) for various geologic rock types.
2.) Weather Data from 1940-1997
from Penn State Meteorology Department (1998).
Years were ranked according
to annual rainfall.
Medium rainfall was total
median amount (1997),
dry year was median of driest
1/3 (1943),
wet year was median of wettest
1/3 (1975).
4. Display Method
a. Calculator using JavaScript software from Vander
Veer (1997) and Wooldridge and Morgan (1997).
b. Use:
1.) Click seasonal weather,
month, land cover, soil texture, and groundwater discharge values.
2.) Click calculate to produce
estimates of runoff to streams, groundwater discharge, evapotranspiration,
groundwater storage, and snow pack change.
3.) Redo 1.) -2.) for additional
values.
4.) Click clear to reset.
5. References
Haan, C.T., Barfield, B.J., and J.C. Hayes. 1994. Design hydrology and sedimentology for small catchments. New York: Academic Press.
Haith, D.A., R. Mandel, and R.S. Wu. 1992. GWLF: Generalized Watershed Loading Functions, Version 2.0, User’s Manual. Ithaca, New York: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Cornell University.
Penn State Meteorology Department. 1998. Weather Data from Penn State Weather Station. [On-line]. Available: http://www.met.psu.edu/.
Vander Veer, E.A. 1997. JavaScript for Dummies. 2nd Edition. Chicago, Illinois: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
Wooldridge, A. and M. Morgan. 1997. Special Edition: Using JavaScript, Second Edition. Indianapolis, Indiana: Que Corporation.
Figure A.2. Groundwater JavaScript Calculator
A.3. Microworld: Sediment 1 (S1)
1. Perspective: Researcher
2. Dimensionality: 2-D, Processes
3. Calculation Method:
a. Based on Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) from
Wischmeier and Smith (1978).
b. Additional information from Haan et al.
(1994), Novotny and Olem (1994), Jarrett (1995).
1.) Single Storm R factors,
K factors, values from Haan et al (1994).
2.) LS factors from Novotny
and Olem (1994).
3.) C&P Factors (and
VM for construction) from Jarrett (1995).
4. Display Method
a. Calculator using JavaScript software from Vander
Veer (1997) and Wooldridge and Morgan (1997).
b. Use:
1.) Type in land area.
2.) Click storm frequency,
location, soil texture, length along slope, and slope.
3.) Click Land Use and Land
Cover type, and then the associated input for that type.
4.) Click calculate to estimate
detached sediment.
5.) Redo 1.) - 4.) for additional
value.
6.) Click clear to reset.
5. References
Haan, C.T., Barfield, B.J., and J.C. Hayes. 1994. Design hydrology and sedimentology for small catchments. New York: Academic Press.
Haith, D.A., R. Mandel, and R.S. Wu. 1992. GWLF: Generalized Watershed Loading Functions, Version 2.0, User’s Manual. Ithaca, New York: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Cornell University.
Jarrett, A.R. 1995. Water Management. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.
Novotny, V. and H. Olem. 1994. Water Quality. Prevention, Identification, and Management of Diffuse Pollution. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Vander Veer, E.A. 1997. JavaScript for Dummies. 2nd Edition. Chicago, Illinois: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
Wischmeier, W.H. and D.D. Smith. 1978. Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses - A Guide to Conservation Planning. USDA Handbook 537. Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO.
Wooldridge, A. and M. Morgan. 1997. Special Edition: Using JavaScript, Second Edition. Indianapolis, Indiana: Que Corporation.
Figure A.3. Sediment JavaScript Calculator
A.4. Microworld: Nutrients 1 (N1)
1. Perspective: Researcher
2. Dimensionality: 2-D, Processes
3. Calculation Method:
a. Based on GWLF from Haith et al. (1992).
b. Additional information from Wischmeier and Smith
(1978), USDA-SCS (1986), Haan et al. (1994), Novotny and Olem (1994),
Jarrett (1995), Penn State Meteorology Department (1998).
1.) Runoff information from
USDA-SCS (1986) and Haan et al. (1994).
2.) Erosion information
from Wischmeier and Smith (1978), Haan et al. (1994), Novotny and
Olem (1994), Jarrett (1995).
3.) Groundwater information
from Haan et al. (1994).
4.) Weather information
from Penn State Meteorology Department (1998).
4. Display Method
a. Three calculators using JavaScript software from
Vander Veer (1997) and Wooldridge and Morgan (1997). Each calculator correspond
to dry, medium, or wet weather years. Memory restrictions in JavaScript
would not allow all three years to appear in one calculator.
b. Use:
1.) Click land cover, soil
texture, groundwater aquifer, slope, length along slope, and waste water.
2.) Click calculate to estimate
runoff, streamflow, erosion, dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus, and sediment
nitrogen and phosphorus.
3.) Redo 1.) -2.) for additional
value.
4.) Click clear to reset.
5.) Use other calculators
to contrast dry, medium, and wet years.
5. References
Haan, C.T., Barfield, B.J., and J.C. Hayes. 1994. Design hydrology and sedimentology for small catchments. New York: Academic Press.
Haith, D.A., R. Mandel, and R.S. Wu. 1992. GWLF: Generalized Watershed Loading Functions, Version 2.0, User’s Manual. Ithaca, New York: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Cornell University.
Jarrett, A.R. 1995. Water Management. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.
Novotny, V. and H. Olem. 1994. Water Quality. Prevention, Identification, and Management of Diffuse Pollution. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Penn State Meteorology Department. 1998. Weather Data from Penn State Weather Station. [On-line]. Available: http://www.met.psu.edu/.
U.S. Department of Agriculture - Soil Conservation Service (USDA-SCS). 1986. Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds. Technical Release No. 55. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Vander Veer, E.A. 1997. JavaScript for Dummies. 2nd Edition. Chicago, Illinois: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
Wischmeier, W.H. and D.D. Smith. 1978. Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses - A Guide to Conservation Planning. USDA Handbook 537. Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO.
Wooldridge, A. and M. Morgan. 1997. Special Edition: Using JavaScript, Second Edition. Indianapolis, Indiana: Que Corporation.
Figure A.4. Nutrient JavaScript Calculator: Wet Year
1. Perspective: Researcher
2. Dimensionality: 2-D, Processes
3. Calculation Method:
a. Based on Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) for brown
trout from Raleigh et al. (1986).
b. Used the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology
in Raleigh et al. (1986), which related HSI to five input factors,
instead of other methodologies which required 18 input factors.
4. Display Method
a. Calculator using JavaScript software from Vander
Veer (1997) and Wooldridge and Morgan (1997).
b. Use:
1.) Type in values for stream
velocity, stream depth, stream shade, and stream temperature.
2.) Click value for stream
bottom.
3.) Click calculate to estimate
suitability indices for overall, spawning/egg, fry, juvenile, and adult
habitats.
4.) Redo 1.) - 3.) for additional
values.
5.) Click clear to reset.
5. References
Raleigh, R.F., L.D. Zuckerman, and P.C. Nelson. 1986. Habitat Suitability Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Brown Trout. U.S. Department of the Interior, Biological Report 82(10.124). Washington, D.C.: Fish and Wildlife Service.
Vander Veer, E.A. 1997. JavaScript for Dummies. 2nd Edition. Chicago, Illinois: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
Wooldridge, A. and M. Morgan. 1997. Special Edition: Using JavaScript, Second Edition. Indianapolis, Indiana: Que Corporation.
Figure A.5 Brown Trout Habitat Suitability JavaScript
Calculator
APPENDIX B: DETAILS FOR CONSERVATIONIST PERSPECTIVE MAPS
B.1. Microworld: Runoff 2 (R2)
1. Perspective: Conservationist
2. Dimensionality: 3-D, Geographic
3. Calculation Method:
a. Average daily stream flow (MGD) in 8 locations
based on monitoring data.
1.) Cedar Run, and Spring
Creek at Oak Hall from Carline (1998).
2.) Buffalo Run, Logan Branch
from Parson (1998).
3.) Slab Cabin Run from
Parson (1998), Carline (1998), and Taylor et al. (1983).
4.) Spring Creek at Houserville
from USGS (1999a).
5.) Spring Creek near Axeman
from USGS (1999b).
6.) Spring Creek near Milesburg
from USGS (1999c).
b. Methods for determining average daily flows.
1.) Rating curves developed
between Milesburg data and Axeman data (USGS, 1999c and 1999b) for daily
flow on common dates (28 years).
2.) Rating curves developed
between Axeman data and Houserville data (USGS, 1999b and 1999a) for daily
flow on common dates (11 years).
3.) Rating curves developed
between Houserville data (USGS, 1999a) and Carline (1998) for upper Slab
Cabin Run, Cedar Run, and Spring Creek at Oak Hall for daily flow on common
dates (49 months).
4.) Rating curves developed
between Parson (1998) upper Slab Cabin Run data and Parson (1998) lower
Slab Cabin Run data (5 days).
5.) Rating curves developed
between Milesburg data (USGS, 1999c) and Parson (1998) Logan Branch and
Buffalo Run data (5 days).
6.) Mean daily flow calculated
for Milesburg from USGS (1999c).
7.) Rating curves used to
determine mean daily flow for other locations.
8.)Slab Cabin Run mean daily
flow equaled value from Parson (1998) lower Slab Cabin Run rating curve
plus Thompson Spring average flow from Taylor et al (1983).
c. Maps layers from ERRI (1998).
1.) Perennial Streams.
2.) Intermittent Streams.
3.) Main Roads.
4.) Watershed Surface Drainage
Boundary.
5.) Watershed Subwatersheds.
d. Additional data tables and maps
1.) Map data from ERRI (1998).
2.) Streamflow data from
USGS (1999c).
3.) Precipitation from Penn
State Meteorology Department (1998).
4. Display Method.
a. Interactive Java map made using ActiveMaps v2.0
software from InternetGIS.com (1998).
b. Data tables made using HTML code.
c. Maps made with ArcView GIS from ESRI (1998).
d. Use:
1.) Maps layers are displayed
when small box is checked.
2.) Map layers are selected
by clicking on legend. Shown by upraised legend.
3.) Icons along top of map
used for various functions including map zooming, panning, identification,
query, tables, and map labeling. Clicking "?" button describes each of
these functions buttons.
5. References
Carline, R. 1998. Unpublished Data. University Park, PA: School of Forest Resource, The Pennsylvania State University.
Environmental Resources Research Institute (ERRI). 1998. Spring Creek Data Layers. University Park, PA: Environmental Resources Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University.
Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI). 1998. ArcView v3.0. GIS software. Redlands, California: ESRI Inc.
InternetGIS.com. 1998. ActiveMaps Version 2.0. Oakton, Virginia: InternetGIS.com.
Parson, S.C. 1998. Unpublished Data. University Park, PA: Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University.
Penn State Meteorology Department. 1998. Weather Data from Penn State Weather Station. [On-line]. Available: http://www.met.psu.edu/.
Taylor, L.E., Werkheiser, W.H., and M.L. Kriz. 1993. Groundwater Resources of the West Branch Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania. Harrisburg, PA: Water Resources Report 56, Pennsylvania Geologic Survey.
USGS. 1999a. Stream Flow in Spring Creek at Houserville. [On-line]. Available: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis-w/PA/index.cgi?statnum=01546400.
USGS. 1999b. Stream Flow in Spring Creek at Axeman. [On-line]. Available: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis-w/PA/index.cgi?statnum=01546500.
USGS. 1999c. Stream Flow in Spring Creek at Milesburg. [On-line]. Available: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis-w/PA/index.cgi?statnum=01547100.
Figure B.1. ActiveMaps Java Runoff Map.
B.2. Microworld: Groundwater 2 (G2)
1. Perspective: Conservationist
2. Dimensionality: 3-D, Geographic
3. Calculation Method:
a. Average flow (MGD) for 9 springs based on monitoring
data from Taylor et al. (1983).
b. Maps from ERRI (1998).
1.) Perennial Streams.
2.) Intermittent Streams.
3.) Main Roads.
4.) Watershed Surface Drainage
Boundary.
c. Groundwater drainage boundary from Giddings (1974)
d. Additional data tables and figures
1.) Groundwater table contour
map from Wood (1980).
2.) Hydrogeologic regions
map and table from Giddings (1974).
3.) Water balance from Taylor
(1997).
4. Display Method.
a. Interactive Java map made using ActiveMaps v2.0
software from InternetGIS.com (1998).
b. Data tables made using HTML code.
c. Maps made with ArcView GIS from ESRI (1998).
d. Use:
1.) Maps layers are displayed
when small box is checked.
2.) Map layers are selected
by clicking on legend. Shown by upraised legend.
3.) Icons along top of map
used for various functions including map zooming, panning, identification,
query, tables, and map labeling. Clicking "?" button describes each of
these functions buttons.
5. References
Environmental Resources Research Institute (ERRI). 1998. Spring Creek Data Layers. University Park, PA: Environmental Resources Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University.
Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI). 1998. ArcView v3.0. GIS software. Redlands, California: ESRI Inc.
Giddings Jr., M.T. 1974. Hydrologic Budget of Spring Creek Drainage Basin, Pennsylvania. . Doctoral dissertation. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.
InternetGIS.com. 1998. ActiveMaps Version 2.0. Oakton, Virginia: InternetGIS.com.
Taylor, L.E., Werkheiser, W.H., and M.L. Kriz. 1993. Groundwater Resources of the West Branch Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania. Harrisburg, PA: Water Resources Report 56, Pennsylvania Geologic Survey.
Taylor, L.E. 1997. Water budget for the Spring Creek basin. Harrisburg, PA: Susquehanna River Basin Commission, Publication No. 184.
Wood, C. R. 1980. Summary ground-water resources of Centre County, Pennsylvania. Harrisburg, PA: Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Geological Survey.
Figure B.2. ActiveMaps Java Groundwater Map.
B.3. Microworld: Sediment 2 (S2)
1. Perspective: Conservationist
2. Dimensionality: 3-D, Geographic
3. Calculation Method:
a. Mean total suspended sediment (mg/l) for 8 locations
from Carline (1998), Parson (1998), and USGS (1998).
b. Maps layers from ERRI (1998).
1.) Perennial Streams.
2.) Intermittent Streams.
3.) Main Roads.
4.) Watershed Surface Drainage
Boundary.
5.) Watershed Subwatersheds.
4. Display Method.
a. Interactive Java map made using ActiveMaps v2.0
software from InternetGIS.com (1998).
b. Data tables made using HTML code.
c. Maps made with ArcView GIS from ESRI (1998).
d. Use:
1.) Maps layers are displayed
when small box is checked.
2.) Map layers are selected
by clicking on legend. Shown by upraised legend.
3.) Icons along top of map
used for various functions including map zooming, panning, identification,
query, tables, and map labeling. Clicking "?" button describes each of
these functions buttons.
5. References
Carline, R. 1998. Unpublished Data. University Park, PA: School of Forest Resource, The Pennsylvania State University.
Environmental Resources Research Institute (ERRI). 1998. Spring Creek Data Layers. University Park, PA: Environmental Resources Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University.
Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI). 1998. ArcView v3.0. GIS software. Redlands, California: ESRI Inc.
InternetGIS.com. 1998. ActiveMaps Version 2.0. Oakton, Virginia: InternetGIS.com.
Parson, S.C. 1998. Unpublished Data. University Park, PA: Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University.
USGS. 1998. Sediment data for Spring Creek near Axeman. [On-line]. Available: http://webserver.cr.usgs.gov/sediment/plsql/sed_data_all_table?station_id_in=01546500.
Figure B.3. ActiveMaps Java Sediment Map.
B.4. Microworld: Nutrients 2 (N2)
1. Perspective: Conservationist
2. Dimensionality: 3-D, Geographic
3. Calculation Method:
a. Water quality information from Chapman (1992),
Novotny and Olem (1994), and US-EPA (1998).
b. Maps layers from ERRI (1998).
1.) Perennial Streams.
2.) Intermittent Streams.
3.) Main Roads.
4.) Watershed Surface Drainage
Boundary.
5.) Watershed Subwatersheds.
4. Display Method.
a. Interactive Java map made using ActiveMaps v2.0
software from InternetGIS.com (1998).
b. Data tables made using HTML code.
c. Maps made with ArcView GIS from ESRI (1998).
d. Use:
1.) Maps layers are displayed
when small box is checked.
2.) Map layers are selected
by clicking on legend. Shown by upraised legend.
3.) Icons along top of map
used for various functions including map zooming, panning, identification,
query, tables, and map labeling. Clicking "?" button describes each of
these functions buttons.
5. References
Chapman, D. (editor). 1992. Water Quality Assessments. New York, NY: Chapman & Hall, LTD.
Environmental Resources Research Institute (ERRI). 1998. Spring Creek Data Layers. University Park, PA: Environmental Resources Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University.
Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI). 1998. ArcView v3.0. GIS software. Redlands, California: ESRI Inc.
InternetGIS.com. 1998. ActiveMaps Version 2.0. Oakton, Virginia: InternetGIS.com.
Novotny, V. and H. Olem. 1994. Water Quality. Prevention, Identification, and Management of Diffuse Pollution. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
U.S. EPA. 1998. STORET Data. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. [On-Line]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/owowwtr1/STORET/.
Figure B.4. ActiveMaps Java Nutrient Map.
1. Perspective: Conservationist
2. Dimensionality: 3-D, Geographic
3. Calculation Method:
a. Fish database information for advisories and fish
commission designations from PA Fish and Boat Commission (1998).
b. Maps layers from ERRI (1998).
1.) Perennial Streams.
2.) Intermittent Streams.
3.) Main Roads.
4.) Watershed Surface Drainage
Boundary.
5.) Watershed Subwatersheds.
4. Display Method.
a. Interactive Java map made using ActiveMaps v2.0
software from InternetGIS.com (1998).
b. Data tables made using HTML code.
c. Maps made with ArcView GIS from ESRI (1998).
d. Use:
1.) Maps layers are displayed
when small box is checked.
2.) Map layers are selected
by clicking on legend. Shown by upraised legend.
3.) Icons along top of map
used for various functions including map zooming, panning, identification,
query, tables, and map labeling. Clicking "?" button describes each of
these functions buttons.
5. References
Environmental Resources Research Institute (ERRI). 1998. Spring Creek Data Layers. University Park, PA: Environmental Resources Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University.
Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI). 1998. ArcView v3.0. GIS software. Redlands, California: ESRI Inc.
InternetGIS.com. 1998. ActiveMaps Version 2.0. Oakton, Virginia: InternetGIS.com.
PA Fish and Boat Commission. 1998. PA Fish and Boat Commission Web Site. [On-Line]. Available: http://www.fish.state.pa.us/.
Figure B.5. ActiveMaps Java Fish Map.
APPENDIX C: DETAILS FOR LOCAL OFFICIAL PERSPECTIVE CALCULATORS
C.1. Microworld: Runoff 3 (R3)
1. Perspective: Local Official
2. Dimensionality: 4-D, Temporal
3. Calculation Method:
a. Surface Runoff: based on look-up tables from GWLF
(Haith et al., 1992).
b. Details given in Chapter 4.
4. Display Method
a. Calculator using JavaScript software from Vander
Veer (1997) and Wooldridge and Morgan (1997).
b. Use:
1.) Click eight policy choices.
2.) Click whether to display
output as percent change or in one of eight percent change categories.
3.) Click calculate and
surface runoff change is displayed for the eight subwatersheds of Spring
Creek Watershed.
4.) Redo 1.) - 3.) for additional
values.
5.) Click clear to reset.
5. References
Haith, D.A., R. Mandel, and R.S. Wu. 1992. GWLF: Generalized Watershed Loading Functions, Version 2.0, User’s Manual. Ithaca, New York: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Cornell University.
Vander Veer, E.A. 1997. JavaScript for Dummies. 2nd Edition. Chicago, Illinois: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
Wooldridge, A. and M. Morgan. 1997. Special Edition: Using JavaScript, Second Edition. Indianapolis, Indiana: Que Corporation.
Figure C.1. JavaScript Calculator for Predicting Surface Runoff Change
C.2. Microworld: Groundwater 3 (G3)
1. Perspective: Local Official
2. Dimensionality: 4-D, Temporal
3. Calculation Method:
a. Groundwater Runoff: based on look-up tables from
GWLF (Haith et al., 1992).
b. Details given in Chapter 4.
4. Display Method
a. Calculator using JavaScript software from Vander
Veer (1997) and Wooldridge and Morgan (1997).
b. Use:
1.) Click eight policy choices.
2.) Click whether to display
output as percent change or in one of eight percent change categories.
3.) Click calculate and
groundwater runoff change is displayed for the eight subwatersheds of Spring
Creek Watershed.
4.) Redo 1.) - 3.) for additional
values.
5.) Click clear to reset.
c. Same calculator setup as Figure C.1.
5. References
Haith, D.A., R. Mandel, and R.S. Wu. 1992. GWLF: Generalized Watershed Loading Functions, Version 2.0, User’s Manual. Ithaca, New York: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Cornell University.
Vander Veer, E.A. 1997. JavaScript for Dummies. 2nd Edition. Chicago, Illinois: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
Wooldridge, A. and M. Morgan. 1997. Special Edition: Using JavaScript, Second Edition. Indianapolis, Indiana: Que Corporation.
C.3. Microworld: Sediment 3 (S3)
1. Perspective: Local Official
2. Dimensionality: 4-D, Temporal
3. Calculation Method:
a. Detached Sediment: based on look-up tables from
GWLF (Haith et al., 1992).
b. Delivered Sediment: based on Artificial Neural
Networks trained with GWLF data (Haith et al., 1992).
c. Details given in Chapter 4.
4. Display Method
a. Calculators using JavaScript software from Vander
Veer (1997) and Wooldridge and Morgan (1997).
b. Use:
1.) Click eight policy choices.
2.) For detached sediment
only, click whether to display output as percent change or in one of eight
percent change categories.
3.) Click calculate and
detached or delivered sediment change is displayed for the eight subwatersheds
of Spring Creek Watershed.
4.) Redo 1.) - 3.) for additional
values.
5.) Click clear to reset.
c. Detached sediment uses the same calculator setup
as Figure C.1.
5. References
Haith, D.A., R. Mandel, and R.S. Wu. 1992. GWLF: Generalized Watershed Loading Functions, Version 2.0, User’s Manual. Ithaca, New York: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Cornell University.
Vander Veer, E.A. 1997. JavaScript for Dummies. 2nd Edition. Chicago, Illinois: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
Wooldridge, A. and M. Morgan. 1997. Special Edition: Using JavaScript, Second Edition. Indianapolis, Indiana: Que Corporation.
Figure C.2. JavaScript Calculator for Predicting Delivered Sediment Change
C.4. Microworld: Nutrients 3 (N3)
1. Perspective: Local Official
2. Dimensionality: 4-D, Temporal
3. Calculation Method:
a. Dissolved Nitrogen and Phosphorus, and sediment
nitrogen and phosphorus: based on Artificial Neural Networks trained with
GWLF data (Haith et al., 1992).
b. Details given in Chapter 4.
4. Display Method
a. Four separate calculators using JavaScript software
from Vander Veer (1997) and Wooldridge and Morgan (1997).
b. Use:
1.) Click eight policy choices.
2.) Click calculate and
nutrient change is displayed for the eight subwatersheds of Spring Creek
Watershed.
3.) Redo 1.) - 2.) for additional
values.
4.) Click clear to reset.
c. Nutrient calculators use the same calculator
setup as Figure C.2.
5. References
Haith, D.A., R. Mandel, and R.S. Wu. 1992. GWLF: Generalized Watershed Loading Functions, Version 2.0, User’s Manual. Ithaca, New York: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Cornell University.
Vander Veer, E.A. 1997. JavaScript for Dummies. 2nd Edition. Chicago, Illinois: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
Wooldridge, A. and M. Morgan. 1997. Special Edition: Using JavaScript, Second Edition. Indianapolis, Indiana: Que Corporation.
1. Perspective: Local Official
2. Dimensionality: 4-D, Temporal
3. Calculation Method:
a. Based on factors affecting brown trout population
factors from Habitat Suitability (Raleigh et al., 1986), Spring
Creek stocking and no harvest research (Carline et al., 1991) and
Aquatic GAP Analysis (Bain and Meixler, 1997)
b. Three main population change categories: Increase,
No change, Decrease-For sewage treatment plant effects on temperature and
then populations, a fourth category of 'Localized Decrease' was included.
c. Three main factors affected brown trout populations:
Harvest, Temperature, and Sediment
1.) Carline et al. (1991)
predicted that fish populations affected by two fish commission policies
harvest: 1. Stocking versus no stocking; 2. Harvest versus no harvest.
Calculator assumed that stocking would always increase the populations
and that harvesting would always decrease the population.
2.) Raleigh et al. (1986)
predicts that increased in-stream temperature will always decrease Spring
Creek brown trout populations. The four local policy areas and choice from
the previous calculators were mapped to a temperature change, shown in
table
C.1.
3.) Bain and Meixler (1997)
predicts that excessive increases in-stream sediment will also always decrease
populations. Based on delivered sediment calculation in Microworld S3,
each of the four local policy areas were also mapped to a sediment change.
Shown in table C.1.
4.) When the fish commission
policies predict no change in brown trout population (no harvest and no
stocking is maintained), the effects of changes of in-stream temperature
and sediment are allowed determine the overall fish population. This is
also shown in table C.1.
4. Display Method
a. Calculators using JavaScript software from Vander
Veer (1997) and Wooldridge and Morgan (1997).
b. Use:
1.) Click four local government
policy choices.
2.) Click two fish commission
policy choices.
3.) Click calculate and
the overall brown trout population change is predicted, along with the
individual contributions from harvest, temperature, and sediment.
4.) Redo 1.) - 3.) for additional
values.
5.) Click clear to reset.
5. References
Bain, M.B. and .S. Meixler. 1997. Application of GAP Analysis to Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation. [On-line]. Available: http://www.dnr.cornell.edu/hydro2/aquagap.htm.
Carline, R. F.; Beard, T., and B.A. Hollender. 1991. Response of wild brown trout to elimination of stocking and to no-harvest regulations. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 11:253-266.
Raleigh, R.F., L.D. Zuckerman, and P.C. Nelson. 1986. Habitat Suitability Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Brown Trout. U.S. Department of the Interior, Biological Report 82(10.124). Washington, D.C.: Fish and Wildlife Service.
Vander Veer, E.A. 1997. JavaScript for Dummies. 2nd Edition. Chicago, Illinois: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
Wooldridge, A. and M. Morgan. 1997. Special Edition: Using JavaScript,
Second Edition. Indianapolis, Indiana: Que Corporation.
TABLE C.1. Effect of Temperature and Sediment Change
on Brown Trout Populationsa
| Policyb | Population Change Due to Temperature Change | Population Change Due to Sediment Change | Overall Population Change When Not Influenced By Harvest Policies |
| Land Use:1.1 | No change | No change | No change |
| 1.2 | Decrease | Increase | No change |
| 1.3 | Decrease | Decrease | Decrease |
| 1.4 | Decrease | No change | Decrease |
| Riparians: 2.1 | No change | No change | No change |
| 2.2 | Decrease | Decrease | Decrease |
| 2.3 | Increase | Increase | Increase |
| 2.4 | Increase | Increase | Increase |
| Waste Water: 3.1 | Localized Decrease | No change | Localized Decrease |
| 3.2 | Localized Decrease | No change | Localized Decrease |
| 3.3 | No change | No change | No change |
| 3.4 | Localized Decrease | No change | Localized Decrease |
| Ag. BMPs: 4.1 | No change | No change | No change |
| 4.2 | Increase | Increase | Increase |
| 4.3 | Increase | Increase | Increase |
| 4.4 | Increase | Increase | Increase |
aBased on Raleigh et al., (1986), Carline et al. (1991), and Bain and Meixler (1997).
bPolicies listed in Table 4.3
Figure C.3. JavaScript Calculator for Predicting Brown Trout Population Change
APPENDIX D: InterWET’s WEB PAGES AND MICROWORLDS
In Pocket(In paper version of dissertation.)
The disk in the pocket is IBM-PC format, high density. To access the
files for InterWET’s web pages and most of the microworlds, read the instructions
in the read.me file.
